In this master thesis, an overview of sum rules for the antenna input impedance and admittance is presented. The sum rules relate the radiation resistance and conductance integrated over a very wide range of frequencies with the low frequency inductance and capacitance. They are particularly useful for small antennas that utilize their first resonance. By applying the concept of least squares and the norm equations on the admittance the low frequency capacitance and inductance are estimated. Numerical simulation was used to determine the antenna input impedance over a wide range of frequencies for dipole, loop, monopole, spherical helix, and butterfly antennas. Finally, measurements for dipole, loop, patch, butterfly, log-periodic, monopole, UWB, PIFA, PIFA with ceramic feeder, and a wave guide antenna were performed to measure the antenna input impedance over a wide range of frequencies and to estimate the low-frequency capacitance and inductance. The numerical simulations and the measurements show good agreement with the sum rules.
antenna and wave propagation solution manual.rar
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